图式治疗101:18. 什么是屈从图式

从零开始了解图式治疗(Schema Therapy)

Subjugation

Excessive surrendering of control to others because one feels coerced—submitting in order to avoid anger, retaliation, or abandonment. The two major forms of subjugation are:
A. Subjugation of needs: Suppression of one’s preferences, decisions, and desires.
B. Subjugation of emotions: Suppression of emotions, especially anger.

Usually involves the perception that one’s own desires, opinions, and feelings are not valid or important to others. Frequently presents as excessive compliance, combined with hypersensitivity to feeling trapped. Generally leads to a buildup of anger, manifested in maladaptive symptoms (e.g., passive–aggressive behavior, uncontrolled outbursts of temper, psychosomatic symptoms, withdrawal of affection, “acting out,” substance abuse).

屈从图式指的是当一个人感觉到受胁迫时,为了避免他人生气、报复自己或遗弃自己,过分地屈从于他人的控制。2类常见的屈从形式是:
A. 抑制需要:压抑自己的喜好、决定与渴望
B. 抑制情绪:压抑自己的情绪,特别是愤怒

通常会持有这样的观点:自己的渴望、观点和感受对别人来说是不正确的、不重要的。经常表现出过度的顺从,会伴有对被欺骗的过度敏感。通常来说,这会导致愤怒的积聚,出现适应不良的症状(如被动-激进的行为,突然不受控制地发脾气、躯体化症状、情感退缩、冲动行事、物质滥用等)

拥有这一图式的人,可能存在3种适应不良的应对反应:

  • 屈从:例如让他人控制情境,并做出决定
  • 回避:例如回避那些可能与他人发生冲突的情境
  • 过度补偿:例如反抗权威

治疗师的策略(有限再抚育):治疗师要进行指导,而不是控制。治疗师鼓励患者对治疗目标、治疗技术和家庭作业做出选择。治疗师指出患者的顺从行为或反抗行为,帮助患者识别愤怒,发泄愤怒,并学习恰当地表达愤怒。

参考
1.^《Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide》,  Jeffrey E. Young,  Janet S. Klosko,  Marjorie E. Weishaar,  The Guilford Press,  2006