图式治疗101:16. 什么是权利/夸张图式

从零开始了解图式治疗(Schema Therapy)

Entitlement/Grandiosity

The belief that one is superior to other people; entitled to special rights and privileges; or not bound by the rules of reciprocity that guide normal social interaction. Often involves insistence that one should be able to do or have whatever one wants, regardless of what is realistic, what others consider reasonable, or the cost to others; or an exaggerated focus on superiority (e.g., being among the most successful, famous, wealthy) in order to achieve power or control (not primarily for attention or approval). Sometimes includes excessive competitiveness toward or domination of others: asserting one’s power, forcing one’s point of view, or controlling the behavior of others in line with one’s own desires without empathy or concern for others’ needs or feelings.

权利/夸张图式指的是认为自己比他人优秀,享有特殊的权利和优待,或是不受一般社交互动中互惠原则的约束。总是坚持认为自己可以做想做的任何事,无须考虑现实、不管别人认为是否合理,不在乎对别人的代价是什么;过度关注等级优势(要成为最成功、最有名、最富有的人),以获得权力和控制感(而非是为了吸引注意或寻求赞赏)。有时会与他人过度竞争或试图控制他人——维护自己的权力,强加自己的的观点,控制别人的行为以满足自己的愿望,对他人的需求或感受缺乏同理心和关注。

拥有这一图式的人,可能存在3种适应不良的应对反应:

  • 屈从:例如为方便自己而欺负他人,吹嘘自己的成就
  • 回避:例如回避那些使自己平凡、不优越的情境
  • 过度补偿:例如过分照顾别人的需要

治疗师的策略(有限再抚育):治疗师支持患者脆弱的一面,不强化患者权利的一面。治疗师使用共情面质,并设置界限。与权利和地位相比,治疗师对情感联结给予更大的支持。

参考
1.^《Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide》,  Jeffrey E. Young,  Janet S. Klosko,  Marjorie E. Weishaar,  The Guilford Press,  2006