图式治疗101:24. 什么是惩罚图式
从零开始了解图式治疗(Schema Therapy)
Punitiveness/Hypercriticalness
The belief that people should be harshly punished for making mistakes. Involves the tendency to be angry, intolerant, punitive, and impatient with those people (including oneself) who do not meet one’s expectations or standards. Usually includes difficulty forgiving mistakes in oneself or others because of a reluctance to consider extenuating circumstances, allow for human imperfection, or empathize with feelings.
惩罚图式指的是相信人们犯了错就要受到严厉的惩罚。对那些没有达到自己期望或标准的人(包括自己),倾向于表现出生气、无法忍受、苛责、没耐心。因为不愿意考虑情有可原的情境,不愿意允许人的不完美,不愿意共情,所以总是难以原谅自己或别人的错误。
苛刻的标准通常表现为以下一种或多种形式:
1)完美主义,过度关注细节,低估了自己相比普通人已经表现得有多好
2)在生活中的许多方面遵循死板的规则和“应该”,包括不现实的高道德感、伦理、文化或宗教观念
3)过分关注时间和效率,总是需要完成得更多