图式治疗101:17. 什么是缺乏自控/缺乏自律图式

从零开始了解图式治疗(Schema Therapy)

Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline

Pervasive difficulty or refusal to exercise sufficient self-control and frustration tolerance to achieve one’s personal goals or to restrain the excessive expression of one’s emotions and impulses. In its milder form, the patient presents with an exaggerated emphasis on discomfort avoidance: avoiding pain, conflict, confrontation, responsibility, or overexertion at the expense of personal fulfillment, commitment, or integrity.

缺乏自控/缺乏自律图式指的是为了实现个人目标或是抑制过度的情绪冲动而需要自我控制和忍受挫折时,感到普遍的困难,或是干脆拒绝。轻度的表现是:患者过度地回避不适感:回避痛苦、冲突、对抗、责任,以及过度努力,这些回避以牺牲自我满足感、承诺和完整性为代价。

拥有这一图式的人,可能存在3种适应不良的应对反应:

  • 屈从:例如轻易放弃例行任务
  • 回避:例如逃避工作、逃避承担责任
  • 过度补偿:例如变得过于自控或自律

治疗师的策略(有限再抚育):治疗师要坚定地设置限制。治疗师示范如何做出恰当的自控和自律,并为患者逐渐具备这样能力而奖励他们。

参考
1.^《Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide》,  Jeffrey E. Young,  Janet S. Klosko,  Marjorie E. Weishaar,  The Guilford Press,  2006